Ancient Channel discovered in Jerusalem from the time of the Second Temple

From AP

An Israeli archeologist walks along a drainage channel recently discovered in the City of David next to Jerusalem's Old City, Sunday Sept. 9, 2007. Israeli archeologists have stumbled upon one of the great dramatic props of the Roman sacking of Jerusalem 2,000 years ago: The subterranean drainage channel Jews fled to, seeking sanctuary from their Roman conquerors. The ancient tunnel was dug beneath what would become the main road of Jerusalem in the days of the second biblical temple, which the Romans destroyed in the year 70, said the dig's directors, archeology Professor Ronny Reich of the University of Haifa and Eli Shukron of the Israel Antiquities Authority.

Ancient escape hatch found in Israel

JERUSALEM --Under threat from Romans ransacking Jerusalem 2,000 years ago, many of the city's Jewish residents crowded into an underground drainage channel to hide and later flee the chaos through Jerusalem's southern end unnoticed.

The ancient tunnel was recently discovered buried beneath rubble, a monument to one of the great dramatic scenes of the destruction of the Second Temple in the year 70 A.D.[sic]

The channel was dug beneath what would become the main road of Jerusalem, the archaeology dig's directors, Ronny Reich of the University of Haifa and Eli Shukron of the Israel Antiquities Authority, said Sunday. Shukron said excavators looking for the road happened upon a small drainage channel that led them to the discovery of the massive tunnel two weeks ago.

"We were looking for the road and suddenly we discovered it," Shukron said. "And the first thing we said was, 'Wow.'"

The walls of the tunnel -- made of ashlar stones 3 feet deep -- reach a height of 10 feet in some places and are covered by heavy stone slabs that were the road's paving stones, Shukron said. Several manholes are visible, and portions of the original plastering remain, he said.

Pottery shards, vessel fragments and coins from the end of the Second Temple period were also discovered inside the channel, attesting to its age, Reich said.

The discovery of the drainage channel was momentous in itself, a sign of how the city's rulers looked out for the welfare of their citizens by developing an infrastructure that drained the rainfall and prevented flooding, Reich said.

The discovery "shows you planning on a grand scale, unlike other cities in the ancient Near East," said Joe Zias, an expert in the Second Temple period who was not involved in the dig.

But what makes the channel doubly significant is its role as an escape hatch for Jews desperate to flee the conquering Romans, the dig's directors said.

The Second Temple was the center of Jewish worship during the second Jewish Commonwealth, which spanned the six centuries preceding the Roman conquest of Jerusalem. Its expansion was the most famous construction project of Herod, the Jewish proxy ruler of the Holy Land under imperial Roman occupation from 37 B.C.

As the temple was being destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D., numerous people took shelter in the drainage channel and lived inside it until they fled Jerusalem through its southern end, the historian Josephus Flavius wrote in "The War of the Jews."

"It was a place where people hid and fled to from burning, destroyed Jerusalem," Shukron said.

Tens of thousands of people lived in Jerusalem at the time, but it is not clear how many used the channel to escape, he said.

About 100 yards of the channel have been uncovered so far. Reich estimates its total length will reach more than a half-mile, stretching north from the Shiloah Pool at Jerusalem's southern end to the disputed holy shrine known to Jews as Temple Mount and to Muslims as the Al Aqsa Mosque compound. The shrine is the site of the two biblical Jewish temples.

Archeologists think the tunnel leads to the Kidron River, which empties into the Dead Sea.

Bagelblogger: I'm amazed almost every time significant architectural discoveries are made in Jerusalem. They show a level of sophistication that we often assume was not existent. Imagine the sense of history one must have to witness such discoveries.

One wonders is it just possible that this tunnel may have been not Jerusalem's escape hatch but rather its downfall, causing the breach of its walls?

References:
Boston.com: Ancient escape hatch found in Israel

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Tension between Syria and Israel escalates: 'Israeli Planes shot at'

Syria Says It Shot at Israeli Aircraft

From AP
DAMASCUS, Syria (AP) — The Syrian government charged Thursday that Israeli aircraft dropped "munitions" inside Syria overnight and said its air defenses opened fire in a new escalation of tensions between the decades-old foes.

It was unclear what happened. Syria stopped short of accusing Israel of purposely bombing its territory, and an Israeli spokesman said he could not comment on military operations.

Analysts speculated such a foray could have been probing Syria's defenses or monitoring long-range missile bases. The reported path also would have taken the jets near Iran, whose growing power and anti-Israel government worries leaders of the Jewish state.

The incident came after a summer of building tensions that have fed worries of a military conflict erupting between Syria and Israel. Syria accused Israel last month of seeking a pretext for war, and the Israelis are keeping a close watch on Syrian troop movements.

Both sides have insisted they want no conflict along the disputed frontier. But Syria fears it is being squeezed out of a U.S.-brokered Mideast peace conference planned for November and will be left at a disadvantage in the standoff with Israel.

Syria has grown more vocal in pressing its demand that Israel give back the Golan Heights. Israel, in turn, seeks the return of three Israeli soldiers held for more than a year by two Syrian-allied militant groups, Hezbollah in southern Lebanon and Hamas in the Palestinian lands.

The official Syrian Arab News Agency quoted a military official as saying Israeli jets broke the sound barrier flying over northern Syria before dawn Thursday, then "dropped munitions" onto deserted areas after being shot at by Syria's air defenses.

Syria did not claim the aircraft bombed its territory, however. Asked if Israel attacked Syria, Cabinet Minister Buthaina Shaaban said only that the aircraft violated Syrian air space.

"We are a sovereign country. They cannot do that," Shaaban said on Al-Jazeera television's English service.

Syrian officials did not specify the type or quantity of Israeli aircraft that purportedly crossed the border or describe the "munitions" dropped. Pilots sometimes jettison extra fuel tanks when warplanes come under fire to make the craft lighter and easier to maneuver.

Israel's army spokesman declined to comment on the report, saying he could not discuss military operations.

In Washington, the State Department had no specific comment on the incident, citing the lack of details about what happened.

"I'd leave it up to the parties to describe what happened. We'll leave it to them to try and sort this out," deputy spokesman Tom Casey told reporters.

Some officials suggested the Bush administration did not want to stoke tensions further by taking sides between Israel and Syria.

Syrian military and government officials condemned Israel.

"We warn the Israeli enemy government against this flagrant aggressive act, and retain the right to respond in an appropriate way," the Syrian military said.

Information Minister Mohsen Bilal told Al-Jazeera that Syria's government was considering how to respond, but refused to say whether it would opt for diplomatic or military means.

He said the incident showed "Israel in fact does not want peace" and charged that a recent increase in U.S. military aid was fueling aggression by the Jewish state.

The route reportedly flown by the Israeli planes, east from the Mediterranean deep into northern Syria, would have taken the craft to Syria's closest point to Iran, separated only by Iraq's Kurdish region.

Israel is concerned over the growing strength of the Syrian-allied Iran, whose leaders strongly oppose the Jewish state's existence.

The U.S., Israel and other nations fear Iran is using its civilian nuclear program as a cover to produce atomic weapons. Iran denies that, saying the program is solely geared toward generating electricity.

Both Israel and the U.S. have refused to rule out airstrikes on Iran should diplomatic efforts fail to get Tehran to curb its atomic program.

Israeli aircraft fly over Lebanon routinely to monitor Hezbollah guerrillas, but it is unclear how often its planes fly over Syria.

Before and during last summer's war with Hezbollah, Israeli warplanes twice buzzed the residence of Syrian President Bashar Assad in Damascus. Analysts called the flights a warning to Syria to keep out of the fight next door.

In October 2003, Israeli warplanes bombed a Palestinian guerrilla base near Damascus, the first airstrike inside Syria since the 1973 Mideast war. During Syria's three-decade occupation in Lebanon, which ended in 2005, Israeli planes occasionally attacked Syrian military units in that country.

But the last major confrontation took place during Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, when Israel's air force shot down dozens of Syrian warplanes and ground troops destroyed Syrian armor in central and eastern Lebanon.

Bagelblogger: Why? What is to gain? Did Israel really enter into Syrian air space? Or is this another case of Syrian paranoia. Is Assad grandstanding in a bid to ensure he is included in the prospective peace talks , is Syria really responding to 'Israeli aggression' or is there a little orchestrated music being played?

References:
AP: Syria Says It Shot at Israeli Aircraft

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